It is common knowledge that cats have a way of masking their pain and hiding their illness. But did you know that there is one condition that, if not addressed in time, can cause not only a lot of discomfort to your cat but also lead to organ failure and loss of life if not treated in time?
In this blog, you will learn about Pyometra, a condition caused by a bacterial infection, and how it affects young female cats if not spayed in time. You will also read about the symptoms, risks, and ways to treat your female cats who are vulnerable to this infection.
What Is Pyometra in Cats?
Pyometra is a serious infection that causes pus to form in the uterus of unneutered female cats. The word Pyometra originates from the Greek word “pyro” meaning pus and “metra” meaning uterus, which literally translates to “pus in the uterus”. It is a serious and urgent medical condition that requires immediate veterinary attention. If it is not treated quickly, it can lead to the infection spreading and the cat dying in a few days. Although it is preventable, a number of female unspayed cats fall prey to this illness, as the symptoms may not always be easy to detect, and hence don’t get timely veterinary care.
What Causes Pyometra in Cats?
Pyometra is caused by a combination of hormonal changes and bacterial infections in a vulnerable uterus, especially for cats that are not spayed before they reach sexual maturity. So, the primary reason for Pyometra in cats is the presence of Progesterone in the uterus. After the heat cycle in cats, their bodies produce a hormone called progesterone to prepare for pregnancy. With the surge of progesterone in the uterus, the inner lining becomes thick and gradually fills with pus. This is the stage at which bacteria enter the uterus through a discharge in the cervix. This causes an infection leading to Pyometra.
Risk Factors That Increase Chances of Pyometra
Types of Pyometra in Cats
There are two types of Pyometra: open and closed. Here are some visible differences you can see in Open Vs Closed Pyometra.
| Differentiating Factors | Open Pyometra | Closed Pyometra |
| Type of Cervix | Cervix is open | Cervix is closed. |
| Characteristics | Yellow, pink, or bloody discharge from the cervix | No visible discharge from the cervix |
| Abdominal Swelling | Swelling is rare because there is continuous discharge from the cervix. | Visible swelling because there is fluid trapped in the uterus. |
| Risk level | Severe but caught early due to the visible discharge | Life-threatening since the bacteria enter the uterus and toxins can enter the bloodstream. |
Signs of Pyometra in Cats
The symptoms of Pyometra in cats are not always straightforward. Since cats are capable of hiding their pain and being extremely vague.
Early Signs of Pyometra in Cats
Look for signs like withdrawing, hiding, or appearing more tired than normal. Cats also may excessively lick or groom themselves, especially their neck area.
Advanced Pyometra in Cats Symptoms
The uterus may become visibly large or swollen due to the collection of pus in the uterus. Other advanced symptoms could be vomiting, excessive lethargy, loss of appetite, weakness, and weight loss.
Emergency Warning Signs
Signs that include lack of movement, swollen and hard abdomen, high fever, pale or white gums, along with no discharge from the cervix, could indicate a sign of emergency as the toxin has no exit route and could lead to sepsis.
How Is Pyometra in Cats Diagnosed?
Once the vet conducts a physical examination, they will advise blood work, urine analysis, followed by x-rays and ultrasounds to diagnose the problem.
Treatment Options for Pyometra in Cats
Surgery
Surgery is the most common treatment in which the uterus is removed along with the accumulated bacterial toxins.
Medications and supportive care
Cats are normally given IV before the surgery, followed by antibiotics and medicines to reduce the pain and stop the bleeding.
Recovery after treatment
Hospitalization is advised depending on the severity. Once your cat is home, ensure the incision is dry and clean. Check the incision regularly for infection, redness, or swelling.
Complications and Risks of Untreated Pyometra in Cats
With bacteria entering the uterus, it multiplies and sometimes enters the bloodstream, causing major complications that include sepsis, uterine rupture, kidney issues, septic shock, organ failure, and eventually death.
Can Pyometra in Cats Be Prevented?
The simple answer is, Yes! Pyometra is 100% preventable with a little attention and quick action. The most effective way of preventing Pyometra is ovariohysterectomy, or commonly known as spaying, where the ovaries and uterus are surgically removed.
When Should You Visit a Vet?
If you have a cat that is unspayed, has just completed their heat cycle, and you notice vaginal discharge, you should visit your vet to ensure there is nothing serious. In case you notice your cat’s abdomen swollen and hard, excessive lethargy or weakness, fever, or pale gums, you must provide your cat with immediate emergency veterinary care.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What does pyometra mean in cats?
The word Pyometra originates from the Greek word “pyro” meaning pus and “metra” meaning uterus, which literally translates to “pus in the uterus”.
What are some signs to watch out for?
Common signs to watch out for include severe lethargy, loss of appetite, dehydration, and a swollen abdomen.
Pyometra Open versus Closed Cervix: In an open pyometra, the cervix remains relaxed or open, and pus drains through the cervix. In a closed pyometra, the cervix is shut, trapping the pus inside. Closed pyometras are far more dangerous because toxins build up inside.
Is it dangerous?
It is highly dangerous if not treated on time, as the uterus can rupture internally, causing sepsis and toxins to enter the bloodstream, causing complications like organ failure, septic shock, and death.
Is surgery mandatory?
Yes, surgery is the only remedy for Pyometra. It involves a procedure known as ovariohysterectomy, also commonly known as spaying, which is the complete removal of the infected uterus and ovaries.
Progression speed?
The healing period normally takes 2 weeks. In case of severe cases, the vet may advise hospitalisation. Ensure that the incision is clean and dry and that it is healing well.
Recurrence?
If an ovariohysterectomy (spaying) is conducted, it eliminates the chances of getting Pyometra in the future.
Conclusion
It is important to keep an eye on your cat, looking for signs like lethargy or changes in behaviour like over grooming, discharge from the cervix, rock-hard abdomen, or excessive lethargy coupled with fever or pale gums – you know it’s time to take quick action and visit the vet urgently. Remember that spaying, sterilising, or ovariohysterectomy is the only solution to keep your cat healthy and prevent harmful bacteria from entering their bodies. Call your vet today to get your cat sterilized and protected.